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NR565 week 4 Midterm Exam
- Which statement regarding renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors across different life stages is correct?
A. Losartan (Cozaar) was associated with a 25% reduction in stroke risk among adults aged 55–80 years in clinical studies
B. ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in children of all ages
C. RAAS inhibitors are recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester
D. Strong evidence supports the safety of RAAS inhibitors during breastfeeding
Correct Answer: A. Losartan (Cozaar) was associated with a 25% reduction in stroke risk among adults aged 55–80 years in clinical studies
- A postmenopausal woman is prescribed calcitonin (Miacalcin) for osteoporosis management. What is the primary therapeutic goal of this medication?
A. Increase parathyroid hormone secretion to maintain calcium balance
B. Stimulate bone formation and improve bone density
C. Inhibit osteoclast activity and reduce bone resorption
D. Enhance gastrointestinal calcium absorption
Correct Answer: C. Inhibit osteoclast activity and reduce bone resorption
- Why should healthcare providers use caution when recommending cannabis use, particularly in young individuals or patients with mental health disorders?
A. Cannabis is completely safe when used in edible products or low-THC forms
B. Cannabis has no therapeutic value and is harmful in all cases
C. Cannabis directly causes mental illness in every individual who uses it
D. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis and other mental health disorders
Correct Answer: D. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis and other mental health disorders
- Which strategy is widely recommended to reduce adverse drug reactions in older adults?
A. Avoid monitoring serum drug levels unless symptoms develop
B. Begin therapy at standard adult doses
C. Use complex medication regimens for complete therapeutic coverage
D. Start medications at low doses and titrate gradually
Correct Answer: D. Start medications at low doses and titrate gradually
- During a community health event, a participant asks what to do if the first naloxone (Narcan) nasal spray dose does not revive someone experiencing an opioid overdose. What should the NP advise?
A. Administer another dose every 2–3 minutes until emergency assistance arrives
B. Give oral naloxone if the nasal spray is ineffective
C. Dilute the nasal spray with water and administer again
D. Wait 10 minutes before repeating the dose to allow absorption
Correct Answer: A. Administer another dose every 2–3 minutes until emergency assistance arrives
- Which statement best reflects a key principle when initiating opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain?
A. Long-acting opioids should be initiated first to minimize frequent dosing
B. Immediate-release opioids should be used initially to lower overdose risk
C. Standardized opioid doses are appropriate for most adults
D. Nonopioid therapies should be discontinued once opioid treatment begins
Correct Answer: B. Immediate-release opioids should be used initially to lower overdose risk
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